This Solitaire Bibliography contains all the resources I used for my research on Solitaire in relation to gambling. All resources are sorted in chronological order in order to answer all relevant questions about the History of Gambling with Solitaire.
Solitaire Bibliography from a gambling perspective
1788
Das Neue Königliche L’Hombre
1798
Neuer Spiel-Almanach fürs Jahr 1798
1842
Le Livre des Patiences
1857
Gambling Exposed by Jonathan H Green
First-time Solitaire is specifically described as a gambling game played in Gambling Houses.
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1870
Patience Games for the FireSide
The First English book on Solitaire was written by Ednah Dow Cheney.
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1874
Illustrated Games of Patience
The second English book on Solitaire written by the English noblewoman Lady Cadogan became a runaway success.
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1874
Games at Cards for One Player
1875
Solitary Games
1878
The Season in Saratoga
Article in The New York Times about gambling in Saratoga. Solitaire is mentioned being played in John Morrissey’s Gambling House.
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1883
Dick’s Games of Patience
Book on Solitaire with 64 different games written by William B. Dick in 1883
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1883
A Martyr to Solitaire
An article published in the New York Times with a reference to gambling with Solitaire.
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1888
Games of Patience for One or More Players
Games of Patience for one or more players (1st series ) by Mary Whitmore (40 Solitaire games)
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1890
Patience Games
46 Solitaire games are added in the book Patience Games by Cavendish (Thomas de la Rue)
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1890
Games of Patience for One or More Players
Games of Patience for one or more players (2nd series ) by Mary Whitmore (33 Solitaire games)
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1890
The Young Folk’s Cyclopaedia
1891
The Cyclopaedia of Card and Table Games
1892
German Patience Games
An article about the origins of Solitaire in The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art.
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1892
The Illustrated Book of Patience Games
Book on Solitaire with 63 Solitaires by Professor Hoffmann
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1892
Games of Patience for One or More Players
Games of Patience for one or more players (3rd series ) by Mary Whitmore. For the first time, Demon Patience is mentioned.
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1894
Patience, A Series of Games with Cards
Solitaire rules book by Ednah Dow Cheney with for the first time the rules of Triangle, the processor of Klondike Solitaire
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1897
Foster’s Complete Hoyle
R.F. Foster’s Encyclopedia of games includes six Solitaire games.
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1898
Dick’s Games of Patience (Second Series)
The second book on Solitaire by William B Dick includes 70 variants.
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1901
Games of Patience, Illustrated By Numerous Diagrams
The book was written by Tarbart aka Cavendish (Thomas de la Rue)
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1902
Gambling with Solitaire
Article in The Sun New York about gambling with Solitaire in Gambling Houses in Chicago
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1902
Solitaire Gambling
Same article in the News Journal, Mansfield, Ohio about gambling with Solitaire
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1902
Gambling House Solitaire is popular in Brooklyn
Another article about Solitaire being played in Gambling Houses was published in The Brooklyn Daily Eagle New York.
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1905
Games of Patience, Illustrated By Numerous Diagrams
Second Edition of Games of Patience by Tarbart (Thomas de la Rue) with a description of Gambler’s Delight.
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1907
Hoyle’s Games
In the Autograph Edition by the McClure Company, both Canfield (here Klondike) and Klondike ( here Seven Card Klondike) are referred to as gambling Solitaires
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1908
Dick’s Games of Patience
In the 1908 version of Dick’s games of Patience, (Seven Card) Klondike is suddenly Copyrighted by Dick & Fitzgerald as “Canfield”
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1909
Confessions of a Solitaire Friend
Article about Solitaire by Ezra Knox published in The Commercial Appeal
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1909
1909
Foster’s Complete Hoyle
R.F. Foster’s 1909 edition of his Encyclopedia of games includes Klondike called Canfield when played for money
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1910
Solitaire and Patience
Seventy Solitaire Games to test the Card Player’s Skill by George Hapgood
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1911
The Official Rules of Card Games
One of the most authoritative books on card games includes Canfield and Klondike descriptions (The US Playing Card Company)
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1914
Foster’s Complete Hoyle
R.F. Foster’s 1914 edition of his Encyclopedia of games includes both Klondike and Canfield.
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1921
Auction for Two or Three
Book on (Solitaire) Card games for 2 or more players by Milton C. Work
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1927
Fun with Cards, Solitaires, Tricks, and Fortunes
In this book on Solitaire, 30 different game types
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1932
Former Gambler Proves Sucker hasn’t Chance
Article about Klondike Solitaire being played in Gambling Houses
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1934
You can’t win
According to Frank Emery, the game that was played in Canfield’s Casino was Seven Card Klondike, not Canfield!
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1938
Sucker’s Progress
Book on gambling by Herbert Asbury who wrote a chapter about the confusion between Canfield and Klondike Solitaire
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1938
The Complete Book of Games
Book on Solitaire rules by Cement Wood and Gloria Goddard.
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1949
The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience Games
Masterwork on Solitaire by Albert H. Morehead and Geoffrey Mott-Smith
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1957
The Magnificent Rube
A book about The life and gaudy times of Tex Rickard, who offered Solitaire in his Gambling House during the Gold Rush (Nome)
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1966
Morning Assignment
Article by Joe Aaron published in the Evansville Courier and Press. The first time I came across the term “Las Vegas Solitaire”
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1975
Hoyle’s Encyclopedia of Card Games
Book on Solitaire games by Walter B Gibson includes both Klondike and Canfield
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1975
Brighton Youth Teaches a Computer to Gamble
Article about an English student who wrote a Las Vegas Solitaire computer program in the hope to win a Mathematics Competition
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1976
Fundamentals of Data Structures
Programming Lesson book by Ellis Horowitz with an instruction to encode a (gambling) Solitaire
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1979
The Creative Cheater’s Guide to Solitaire
Bernie De Koven points out the difference between Klondike and Las Vegas Solitaire
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1982
Videogames aren’t in the Cards
Author Dick Reynolds: Klondike” Solitaire relieves video game frustrations… The card game is also played in Las Vegas
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1983
Pascal Solitaire
Article on Las Vegas Solitaire in the book of Atari Software by Alan Floeter
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1989
History and Humanities
University of Nevada Press about Klondike being played in Las Vegas by Francis X Hartigan
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1997
The New Games Treasury
Book on games by Merilyn Simonds Mohr including Klondike and Canfield
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2000
The Art of Gambling
Arthur Flowers and Anthony Curtis on gambling with Solitaire
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2001
Official Rules of Card Games
The United States Playing Card Company’s 90th edition includes Klondike and Las Vegas Solitaire
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2002
Gold Rush Fever
In this Story of the Klondike (1898) Barbara Greenwood confirms the statement that Klondike Solitaire was played in Klondike during the Gold Rush
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2011
Some casinos offer a Solitaire version that uses Vegas Rules
Questions and Answers with Mark Pilarski about Vegas Solitaire
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Bibliography: Richard Canfield’s Casino & Solitaire
- 1903 – The House Always Wins
- 1903 – Millionaires robbed in what they thought and honest Gambling Den Betrayal of Canfield’s Place
- 1914 – Richard Canfield Killed by a Fall
- 1914 – One of the Last
- 1925 – Phantoms of past still haunt Spa – Fitchburg Sentinel
- 1930 – Canfield: The True Story of the Greatest Gambler
- 1930 – The Life and Works of Richard A. Canfield
- 1933 – A Gambler’s gift to Art
- 1934 – Unbeatable Odds
- 1934 – YOU CAN’T WIN
- 1938 – Goodbye to Saratoga
- 1938 – Sucker’s Progress
- 1940 – Such was Saratoga
- 1952 – Fabulous Bawd, The story of Saratoga
- 1955 – Topics of the Times
- 1956 – Something for Nothing
- 1976 – The Only Game in Town an illustrated history of gambling
- 2008 – The Facts on File Encyclopedia of word and phrase origins
Bibliography Las Vegas Solitaire
- 1957 – The Magnificent Rube
- 1966 – Morning Assignment
- 1975 – Brighton youth teaches a computer to Gamble
- 1976 – Fundamentals of Data Structures
- 1979 – The creative cheater’s guide to Solitaire
- 1983 – Pascal Solitaire
- 1989 – History and Humanities
- 2000 – The art of Gambling
- 2001 – Official Rules of Card Games
- 2011 – Some casinos offer a Solitaire version that uses Vegas rules